Adrenal Hormones

HORMONES

The adrenals are divided into an outside layer called the cortex and an inner layer called the medulla. Cells in the adrenal cortex make steroid hormones derived from cholesterol, including glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) and androgrens. The medulla makes catecholamines (adrenaline). Each of these hormones have specific functions in the body. Disease can result from excess or deficiency of the adrenal hormones.

Cortisol

This hormone is necessary to sustain all cells and to respond to physical stress. A deficiency of cortisol leads to subtle but serious malfunction in the chronic state, and to shock and even death in the emergency state. hide

Aldosterone

This mineralocorticoid is necessary to keep the balance of sodium and potassium in the body and to help maintain blood pressure.
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Androgens

These hormones promote the growth of axillary (underarm) and pubic hair in both males and females. In the male after puberty, adrenal androgens are a very small part compared to the strong androgen testosterone, which comes from the testes. In the female, adrenal androgens are the major androgens. An excess of androgens in females can cause excess facial and body hair, acne, thinning of scalp hair and in great excess can cause deepening of the voice and muscle enlargement.
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Catecholamines

These hormones, adrenaline and noradrenaline are the “fight or flight” hormones. They control the caliber of blood vessels in the skin, muscles and internal organs as well as regulating the strength and speed of the heartbeat. In stressful situations, their output is increased and leads to rapid pulse, higher blood pressure, shakiness, sweating, pallor or blanching of the skin.
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